CODEX

This figure presents multiplexed histopathology of the large intestine using CODEX imaging, revealing spatial immune dynamics in colorectal cancer. It highlights macrophage modulation near CD15+ suppressive zones, myeloid–Treg proximity suggesting immune suppression, B-cell and endothelial interactions indicative of vascular remodeling, and CD4–CD34 colocalization pointing to immune-endothelial crosstalk. Together, these insights map localized immune niches and cellular interplay within the tumor microenvironment. 

CODEX imaging to decode the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment (TME) by orchestrating multi-agent large language models (LLMs) to simulate TAM, TAN, and T-cell interactions. By mapping spatial ligand-receptor dynamics such as MUC1-CD38 and ColIV-CD117, the framework aims to identify immune suppressive niches and predict therapeutic resistance, offering a novel strategy to enhance immunotherapy responsiveness.